Kol uprising

[1] It was due to economic exploitation brought on by the systems of land tenure and administration that had been introduced by the East India Company.

[4] The uprising was a reaction to the appointment of a Political Agent to the Government in South Bihar and recently ceded districts nearby around 1819.

[4][7][8][9][10] Harinath Shahi, the brother of Nagvanshi king Jagannath Shah Deo granted lands to some Sikh horse traders and Muslim cloth merchant to collect taxes in Sonpur Pargana due to debts.

According to colonel Edward Tuite Dalton, In every Paragana the villages in which Sads (Sadan/Hindus) resided were destroyed and all Dikus (foreigners) who fell into the hands of the insurgents were murdered.

The Zamindars of Rahe, Bundu, Tamar, and Barwa, though neither Sads nor Dikus, narrowly escaped with their lives, when those places were all sacked and destroyed.

The Kols grew restive over the increasing encroachment on tribal territories by the non-tribals like Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs.

[2] Professor Sunil Sen mentions that in a memorable guerrilla campaign Budhu Bhagat and his followers fought with primitive weapons such as bows and arrows.

He summoned the chief of Bundu, Tamar who were Munda as well as king of Chotanagpur and decided to kept away Lakra Kol (Hos) from the region.

Then Wilkinson went to Porahat and made some Hos friend and succeeded in capturing the leader of the kol insurgency Dasai Manki in 1836.

[4] After the insurgency, the British created division of South-West Frontier with its then headquarters at Lohardaga established police stations in different areas.

[4] According to the British report, the insurgency was the result of disposition of some Mankis and their mistreatment at the hands of thikedars as well as the different rents imposed by the East India Company on masses of whom the majority were poor with half savage mentality.