Kyprianos "Kypros" Nicolaides FRCOG (born 9 April 1953) is a Greek Cypriot physician of British citizenship, Professor of Fetal Medicine at King's College Hospital, London.

[1] He was elected to the US National Academy of Medicine in 2020 for 'improving the care of pregnant women worldwide with pioneering rigorous and creative approaches, and making seminal contributions to prenatal diagnosis and every major obstetrical disorder'.

[2] This is considered to be one of the highest honours in the fields of health and medicine and recognises individuals who have demonstrated outstanding professional achievement and commitment to service.

Nicolaides has developed methods of (i) screening for premature birth (which is the main cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality) by measurement of cervical length and prevention through the use of vaginal progesterone,[9] (ii) screening for pre-eclampsia (which is one of the main causes of maternal mortality) by measurement of blood flow to the uterus by Doppler and measurement of blood pressure and the hormone placental growth factor and prevention through the use of aspirin,[10] (iii) methods of early screening for chromosomal abnormalities through the measurement of nuchal translucency,[11][12] and spina bifida through the ‘lemon and banana’ signs,[13] and (iv) methods of fetal therapy including fetal blood transfusions for red cell isoimmunized pregnancies,[14][15] thoraco-amniotic shunting for fetal pleural effusions,[16] endoscopic laser surgery for identical twin pregnancies with severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome in collaboration with Professor Yves Ville[17] and endoscopic placement of a balloon in the fetal trachea for the treatment of severe diaphragmatic hernia in collaboration with Professors Jan Deprest and Eduard Gratacos.

[30] This episode follows Nicolaides at King's College Hospital in London where his ground-breaking work in endoscopic laser surgery is used to treat twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, a life-threatening prenatal condition.