Every German citizen who has been habitually resident in Brandenburg for at least one month prior to the election is entitled to vote.

[1] Candidates are required to be over 18 years old, be a citizen of Germany and have lived in the state of Brandenburg for 3 months.

Proposed legislation can also be submitted through a popular initiative, assuming it is signed by at least 80,000 voting age Brandenburgian citizens.

Every year the minister of finance reports to the Landtag the usage of funds along with state assets and debt.

According to the state constitution the government is obligated to respond to enquiries immediately to the best of its knowledge and must give a complete answer which means that compared to the basic law and the other German states' constitutions information rights are stronger here.

[8] According to parliamentary procedure the right to answer questions includes major, minor, spoken and urgent enquiries.

Spoken and urgent enquiries have the purpose that representatives can demand statements by the government on specific issues in plenary meetings i.e. in the presence of the general public.

Urgent enquiries can be initiated with after a shorter than usual waiting period and have the purpose of elucidating politically contentious issues.

This includes laws and decrees regarding fundamental questions of regional and location planning and the implementation of major projects.

The Landtag has the right to install a committee of inquiry to elucidate matters of public interest.

In the third legislative period three committees of inquiry were established dealing with the Berlin Schönefeld Airport, the Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft (LEG) and Chipfabrik Frankfurt (Oder) respectively.

[9] The committee of inquiry 4/1 created by a resolution on 27 February 2008 investigated the land reform affaire uncovered in late 2007.

[10] On 26 April 2016 the Landtag installed a committee of inquiry (6/1) about the "organized far-right extremist violence and administrative action, especially regarding the National Socialist Underground (NSU)".

The state government must inform the PKK of the general activities of the office for constitutional protection, affaires of special importance along with isolated incidents.

In the lead-up to the inaugural meeting a potential governing coalition is usually agreed upon that can elect its candidate without a debate and on a secret ballot.

If a minister president is not elected within the three weeks after the inaugural meeting, the Landtag is automatically dissolved and reelections are held.

In general, the minister president's term ends with the start of the new Landtag though it can also be cut short by a vote of no confidence.

[12] The Landtag also elects the members of the state court of audit, the members of the state constitutional court, the 'state commissioner for data protection and the right of access to documents' along with the members of the G10-commission, the parliamentary control commission, the council for sorbian matters, the electoral committee for the election of judges (Richterwahlausschuss) in addition to the representatives of the Landtag in the state youth welfare committee and the broadcasting council of the RBB.

The largest parliamentary group has the right of proposal (article 69 §1 of the state constitution of Brandenburg).

If they are also not present, the president of the Landtag is represented by a member of the presidium belonging to the largest parliamentary group.

The office of vice-president was held by Gerrit Große during the fifth legislative period from December 2009 onwards after Gerlinde Strobawa (They were both members of The Left) had resigned in November 2009.

In the current seventh legislative period Ulrieke Liedtke (SPD) has been president of the Landtag since September 2019.

The presidium supports the president in the exercise of their duties, facilitates agreements between parliamentary groups and decides the schedule and agenda of plenary meetings.

[15] The results of the 2024 Landtag elections were as follows: The SPD secured a victory, increasing both its popular vote percentage and the amount of seats held.

[16][17] Nonetheless, the two largest populist parties – the left-wing[18] BSW[19] and the far-right AfD[20] – earned significant results, combining for precisely half of all the seats in the legislature.