It borders Iran to the south and west, Caspian Sea to the east and Shirvan-Salyan Economic Region to the north.

The region consists of the districts of Jalilabad, Astara, Lerik, Lankaran, Masally and Yardimli.

The mountainous part of the economic region is composed of the Talysh, Peshtasar, and Burovar ranges.

The brown mountain-forest lands are formed in dry and warm climates (total precipitation is 400  mm, the average annual temperature is 12 °C).

[5][6] The economic region is rich with natural resources such as sand, clay, gravel, gypsum, marble, as well as mineral water and forests.

Forests of the region are dominated by Parrotia persica, chestnut oak, silk acacia (Albizia julibrissin), etc.

In the territory of Masally, Lerik, Yardimli administrative districts there are many mineral springs, which are used in treatment.

Different birds such as swans, geese, ducks, spoonbill, golden goose, heron are protected in this reserve.

There are mostly relic plants in the reserve – ironwood, chestnut oak, Caspian locust, azat tree, etc.

[7] The industry has a weaker position compared to agriculture in the Lankaran economic region.

[7] The region has potential (humid subtropical climate, water for irrigation, fertile soil and labor force) to improve agriculture.

27% of vegetables, 15% of grain, 24% of potato, 13% grape, 10% of the total number of fruits in Azerbaijan is produced Lankaran.

Plain areas of Lankaran, Masally, and Astara are specialized in growing tea, and vegetables, as well as melon plantations.

[3] 1,300 doctors and 3422 mid-level healthcare workers in all health care facilities are serving the population in the Lankaran economic region.

39 hospitals with 1846 beds, 181 outpatient clinics, as well as private stomatological polyclinics render service to the population.

A network of secondary schools, dramatic theatre, an ethnographic museum, and other social facilities operate in the region.