The 15th-century Georgian chronicle of the dukes of Ksani ascribes the foundation of the monastery to the family's legendary 6th-century ancestor Rostom, allegedly a contemporary of the Byzantine emperor Justinian.

The monastery is historically better documented from the early 14th century, when generations of the dukes of Ksani made donations to it.

[2][3] In 1759, the church was built de novo as the Monastery of St. Theodore Tyron by the duke David and his mother Ketevan.

[1] The Largvisi Monastery sits on a slope of a hill on the confluence of the Ksani and Churta rivers.

The defensive structures adjoining the monastery are parts of a citadel with ruined walls and towers higher on the hill.