It is on the Lahntal railway (German: Lahntalbahn), running between Koblenz and Gießen.

At the west end of Limburg station a two-track branch line branches off towards Staffel, where it separates into two single-track lines to Siershahn (the Lower Westerwald Railway, Westerwaldbahn) and to Au (Sieg) (the Upper Westerwald Railway, Oberwesterwaldbahn).

East of Limburg, in Eschhofen, the double track, electrified Main-Lahn Railway (Main-Lahn-Bahn) branches off to the southeast towards Frankfurt and Wiesbaden (via the Ländches Railway (Ländchesbahn).

Until 2005, there was also a Deutsche Bahn maintenance depot at the station, which is now closed and was formerly partly leased to the private rail operator, vectus Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH, which has been taken over by Hessische Landesbahn.

The registered office of Hessische Landesbahn is now in an adjoining building of WERKStadt Limburg.