These may be produced or used for research, medical, pharmaceutical or chemical weapon defence testing (called "protective testing" in the treaty) purposes but production above 100 grams per year must be declared to the OPCW in accordance with Part VI of the "Verification Annex".
A country is limited to possessing a maximum of one tonne of these materials.
Examples are mustard and nerve agents, and substances which are solely used as precursor chemicals in their manufacture.
A few of these chemicals have very small-scale non-military applications; for example, minute quantities of nitrogen mustard are used to treat certain cancers.
The following criteria shall be taken into account in considering whether a toxic chemical or precursor should be included in Schedule 1: