Diplomatic relations between the regions that now constitute Romania and the Russian Federation date back to the medieval period.

Wallachian ruler Michael the Brave also advocated an alliance with Russia towards the end of the sixteenth century.

[2] In the nineteenth century, following the 1828-1829 Russo-Turkish War, Russia established a protectorate over the Danube principalities, with Count Pavel Kiselyov serving as plenipotentiary representative of the councils of Moldova and Wallachia between 1829 and 1834.

[2][3] Relations were once more suspended on 22 June 1941 after the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, and remained so during most of the Second World War.

The incumbent ambassador of the Soviet Union to Romania, Feliks Bogdanov [ru], continued as representative of Russia until 1992.