Representation was maintained between the Czechoslovakian state and the Soviet Union's successor, the Russian Federation, until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993.

Diplomatic exchanges between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia began with the formal establishment of relations on 5 June 1922, after the formation of the First Czechoslovak Republic, which had declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918.

[1] On 9 June 1934 relations were upgraded to the level of missions, with Sergey Aleksandrovsky [ru] serving as plenipotentiary from that date.

Following the reestablishment of relations on 18 July 1941, Viktor Lebedev [ru] was duly accredited to the Czechoslovak government-in-exile in London on 24 October 1943 .

With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, a new ambassador, Aleksandr Lebedev [ru], was appointed as representative of the Russian Federation.