J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings has been translated, with varying degrees of success, many times since its publication in 1954–55.
Known translations are listed here; the exact number is hard to determine, for example because the European and Brazilian dialects of Portuguese are sometimes counted separately, as are the Nynorsk and Bokmål forms of Norwegian, and the Traditional and Simplified Chinese forms of that language.
[2] Many separate collectors have sites that highlight their personal collections with more detail.
Some of the more extensive sites include Elrond's Library,[3] The Lord of the Rings in Translation,[4] Impressions of Books by J.R.R.
[7] Tolkien became personally involved with the Swedish translation, which he much disliked;[8][9][10] he eventually produced his "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings" in response.