According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 square miles (93.2 km2), all land.

Main highways include: Organization of Little Rock Township was approved by the Nobles County Board on September 3, 1872.

On Joseph Nicollet's original 1842 map of the region, the Blue Mound near present-day Luverne is simply designated as The Rock.

Little Rock Township is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Mankato educator Tim Walz, a Democrat.

Little Rock Township is represented by Nobles County Commissioner Gene Metz