According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 28.6 square miles (74.1 km2), all land.

The main geographic feature in Worthington Township is Lake Okabena.

Main highways include: Organization of Worthington Township was approved by the Nobles County Board on April 30, 1872.

Petitioners requested the name Worthington from the town that was emerging within the township border.

Worthington Township is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Mankato educator Tim Walz, a Democrat.

At the state level, Worthington Township is located in Senate District 22, represented by Republican Doug Magnus, and in House District 22B, represented by Republican Rod Hamilton.