Following the events of May 68, groups of students from Austria and Switzerland who held anarchist ideologies collaborated to raise funds to allow them to buy land upon which to start to farm collectively.
The community's ideological leader was Roland Perrot, a military deserter from the war in Algeria.
Activities focus upon self-sufficiency, community life, craft and agricultural production, the joint management of energy, water, and respect for the environment.
Longo Maï has been involved with various international solidarity efforts with a particular focus on resistance against dictatorships.
The ten Longo Mai co-operatives operate in a network: The head office of the cooperative is in Basel, from which are organised campaigns to collect donations (about five million francs a year in the 1990s).