Low-voltage differential signaling
The current passes through a termination resistor of about 100 to 120 ohms (matched to the cable's characteristic impedance to reduce reflections) at the receiving end, and then returns in the opposite direction via the other wire.
However, in 1992 Apple Computer needed a method to transfer multiple streams of digital video without overloading the existing NuBus on the backplane.
The multimedia and supercomputer applications continued to expand because both needed to move large amounts of data over links several meters long (from a disk drive to a workstation for instance).
The first FPD-Link chipset reduced a 21-bit wide video interface plus the clock down to only 4 differential pairs (8 wires), which enabled it to easily fit through the hinge between the display and the notebook and take advantage of LVDS's low-noise characteristics and fast data rate.
FPD-Link became the de facto open standard for this notebook application in the late 1990s and is still the dominant display interface today[when?]
This is the reason IC vendors such as Texas Instruments, Maxim, Fairchild, and Thine produce their versions of the FPD-Link chipset.
The applications for LVDS expanded to flat panel displays for consumer TVs as screen resolutions and color depths increased.
FPD-Link (commonly called LVDS) became the de facto standard for this internal TV interconnect and remains the dominant interface for this application in 2012.
[citation needed] The next target application was transferring video streams through an external cable connection between a desktop computer and display, or a DVD player and a TV.
NSC introduced higher performance follow-ons to FPD-Link called the LVDS Display Interface (LDI) and OpenLDI standards.
The Automated Imaging Association (AIA) maintains and administers the standard because it is the industry's global machine vision trade group.
More examples of LVDS used in computer buses are HyperTransport and FireWire, both of which trace their development back to the post-Futurebus work, which also led to SCI.
Intel and AMD published a press release in December 2010 stating they would no longer support the LVDS LCD-panel interface in their product lines by 2013.
[3] However, the LVDS LCD-panel interface has proven to be the lowest cost method for moving streaming video from a video processing unit to a LCD-panel timing controller within a TV or notebook, and in February 2018 LCD TV and notebook manufacturers continue to introduce new products using the LVDS interface.
For example, a 7-bit wide parallel bus serialized into a single pair that will operate at 7 times the data rate of one single-ended channel.
An example of this technique is PCI Express where 2, 4, or 8 8b/10b encoded serial channels carry application data from source to destination.
The difference from standard LVDS transmitters was increasing the current output in order to drive the multiple termination resistors.
For M-LVDS: The present form of LVDS was preceded by an earlier standard initiated in Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI).
The SCI committee designed LVDS for interconnecting multiprocessing systems with a high-speed low-power interface to replace positive emitter-coupled logic (PECL).
Studies have shown that it is possible in spite of the simplified transfer medium dominate both emission and immunity in the high frequency range.
The integration of the serializer and deserializer components in the control unit due to low demands on additional hardware and software simple and inexpensive.
In contrast, require bus solutions for video transmission connection to a corresponding network controller and, if necessary resources for data compression.
