Her research investigates the relationship between brain connectivity and cognition in typical and atypical development using network neuroscience approaches.

In late 2024, Uddin filed a civil lawsuit in a United States District Court against six major academic publishers, alleging anti‑competitive behavior that has resulted in "tremendous harm" to science and the public interest.

She stayed at UCLA for graduate school, where she explored neural correlates of self-recognition working with Eran Zaidel and Marco Iacoboni.

[9] Uddin was Associate Professor in the Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Division which she created in the Department of Psychology at the University of Miami.

[13] In September 2024, Uddin was listed as the plaintiff[1] in a proposed class action against six major academic publishers, alleging conspiracy "to unlawfully appropriate billions of dollars that would otherwise have funded scientific research,"[2] as well as alleging that the publishers violated antitrust law by agreeing not to compete against each other for manuscripts and by denying scholars payment for peer review services.