[1] It is the property of certain substances or phenomena that give rise to magnetic fields:
Informally, and frequently, this unit is stated as the ampere-turn to avoid confusion with current.
[4] The idea of a magnetic analogy to electromotive force can be found much earlier in the work of Michael Faraday (1791–1867) and it is hinted at by James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879).
However, Rowland coined the term and was the first to make explicit an Ohm's law for magnetic circuits in 1873.
[6] According to a review of magnetic circuit analysis methods this is an incorrect attribution originating from an 1885 paper by Hopkinson.