Maha Chana Chai (Thai: มหาชนะชัย, pronounced [mā.hǎː tɕʰā.náʔ tɕʰāj]; Northeastern Thai: มหาชนะชัย, pronounced [mā.hǎː sā.nàʔ sa᷇j]) is a district of Yasothon province in northeastern Thailand.

In 1859, Prince Thao Puttakhamphun (ท้าวปุตตะคำพูน ราชบุตร) founded a new city in the vicinity of the village of Woen Chai (บ้านเวินชัย) beside the Chi River, which he named Mueang (city of) Han Chai Cham Na (เมืองหันชัยชำนะ translation unknown.)

In 1863, King Rama IV renamed the town Mueang Maha Chana Chai ('triumphant victory')[1] The town became a district (amphoe) of Ubon Ratchathani province in 1909, and on 24 April 1917 its name was changed to Fa Yat District (อำเภอฟ้าหยาด), because the district office was in Fa Yat village, Fa Yat sub-district.

[2] On 7 April 1939, the name reverted to Maha Chana Chai District.

The district is divided into 10 sub-districts (tambons), with 103 villages (mubans).