Situated on the Salaya Campus of Mahidol University in Nakhon Pathom Province, it enrolls Mathayom 4–6 (grades 10–12) students and is the first specialised science school in the country, designed to provide education for the development of gifted and talented students in science and mathematics.

Initially, classes were temporarily held at Wat Rai Khing in Sam Phran District until the school finally settled at its current location on the Salaya Campus of Mahidol University in 1995.

In 1999, government policy pushed for the development of science-specific schools to accommodate students talented in science and mathematics.

The first principal of the school in this form was Dr. Thongchai Chewprecha, who was the director of the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology.

The school then developed its own curriculum and teaching systems, and began admitting students under this new regime in the 2001 academic year.