Mangala (Sanskrit: मङ्गल, IAST: Maṅgala) is the personification, as well as the name for the planet Mars, in Hindu literature.

[4] According to Vaishnavism, he is the son of Bhumi, the earth goddess, and Vishnu, born when the latter raised her from the depths of the primordial waters in his Varaha avatar.

As she rises, Vishnu realises that Bhumi is, in fact, an aspect of his consort, Lakshmi,[11] and proceeds to sport with her, and from this union is born Mangala, meaning the auspicious one.

[12] According to Shaivism, once when Shiva was engrossed in meditation on Mount Kailash, three drops of perspiration from his forehead fell on Earth.

The root of the English word Tuesday, for instance, is the old Germanic god of war and victory, Tīw, also known as Týr.

The earliest work of astrology recorded in India is the Vedanga Jyotisha which began to be compiled in the 14th century BCE.

Deifying planetary bodies and their astrological significance occurred as early as the Vedic period and was recorded in the Vedas.

The Yavanajataka, or 'Science of the Yavanas', was written by the Indo-Greek named "Yavanesvara" ("Lord of the Greeks") under the rule of the Western Kshatrapa king Rudrakarman I.