Marad

Marad (Sumerian: Marda, modern Tell Wannat es-Sadum or Tell as-Sadoum (also Wana-Sedoum), Iraq) was an ancient Near Eastern city.

The site was identified in 1912 based on a Neo-Babylonian inscription on a truncated cylinder of Nebuchadrezzar noting the restoration of the temple.

[3] It was dedicated to Lugal-Marada (thought by some to be a manifestation of Ninurta), the tutelary deity of Marad and the god of earth and the plow, built by one of Naram-Sin's sons.

[7] In 1920 a researcher purchased a small tablet "from a little Arab boy in the ruins of Babylon" dated to 3rd year of Amar-Sin, 3rd ruler of the Ur III empire.

Some illicitly excavated tablets from this period appeared on the antiquities market, primarily a family archive of an economic nature.

[15] Light occupation occurred in the Kassite (with ruler Kadashman-Turgu known to have worked on the Lugal-Marda temple) and Parthian periods.

[16][17] A prebend (similar to a Benefice) document from the reign of Darius I (c. 550–486 BC) recording a sale for the temple E-igi-kalama for the god Ea which was written in Marad.

[21][22] During the latter excavation a number of cuneiform tablets were discovered, mainly from the Isin-Larsa and Old Babylonian periods but a few from Neo-Babylonian times.

After a survey, a trench was excavated in a small tell on the western end of the site which showed three occupation layers ranging from Early Dynastic III through Akkadian, Isin-Larsa and Old-Babylonian.

Tell as-Sadoum
Tell as-Sadoum
Inscription for Naram-Sin's temple construction in Marad by his son, Lipit-Ili