[3] Nouns inflect for gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case.
Marathi preserves the neuter gender found in Sanskrit, a feature further distinguishing it from many Indo-Aryan languages.
A third type of voice, not found in English for example, is produced when the verb agrees with neither subject nor object.
Traditions of Marathi Linguistics and above mentioned rules give special status to ‘tatsama’ (तत्सम) words borrowed from the Sanskrit language.
This special status expects the rules for ‘tatsama’ words be followed as of Sanskrit grammar.
[6] According to this analysis, true postpositions (like -pasun 'from') have a wide range of meanings and can be separated form the noun by clitics like -cya (e.g. ram-a-cya-pasun).
Adpositions (like -la), on the other hand, are only used to mark nominal arguments of the verb in terms of their theta roles and cannot be separated from the noun by clitics (*ram-a-cya-la is ungrammatical).
In this view, the cases are: nominative (unmarked), accusative/dative (singular -la, plural -na), ergative, which is traditionally called 'instrumental' (sg.
[9] : 3 In case there is no unmarked noun, the verb shows neutral agreement:[11] मुलानेboy.MASC.SG-ERGmulā-neचमच्यानेspoon.MASC.SG-INSTcamcyā-neखाल्लेeat-NEUT.SG.PSTkhā-lleमुलाने चमच्याने खाल्लेboy.MASC.SG-ERG spoon.MASC.SG-INST eat-NEUT.SG.PSTmulā-ne camcyā-ne khā-lle"The boy ate with a spoon"As in many Indo-Aryan languages, the ergative split in Marathi is primarily aspect-based, specifically triggered by the perfective for transitive verbs, as seen in the examples above.
Possessive adjectives in Marathi are slight modifications to the personal pronouns, suffixed with the genitive/possessive case markers – चा/ची/चे (cā/cī/ce), for masculine, feminine and plural subjects respectively.
माझाmājhā//माझीmājhī//माझेmājheमाझा / माझी / माझेmājhā / mājhī / mājheमाझेmājhe//माझ्याmājhyā//माझीmājhīमाझे / माझ्या / माझीmājhe / mājhyā / mājhīआमचाāmchā//आमचीāmchī//आमचेāmcheआमचा / आमची / आमचेāmchā / āmchī / āmcheआमचेāmche//आमच्याāmchyā//आमचीāmchīआमचे / आमच्या / आमचीāmche / āmchyā / āmchīतुझाtujhā//तुझीtujhī//तुझेtujheतुझा / तुझी / तुझेtujhā / tujhī / tujheतुझेtujhe//तुझ्याtujhyā//तुझीtujhīतुझे / तुझ्या / तुझीtujhe / tujhyā / tujhīतुमचाtumchā//तुमचीtumchī//तुमचेtumcheतुमचा / तुमची / तुमचेtumchā / tumchī / tumcheतुमचेtumche//तुमच्याtumchyā//तुमचीtumchīतुमचे / तुमच्या / तुमचीtumche / tumchyā / tumchīत्याचाtyāchā//त्याचीtyāchī//त्याचेtyācheत्याचा / त्याची / त्याचेtyāchā / tyāchī / tyācheत्याचेtyāche//त्याच्याtyāchyā//त्याचीtyāchīत्याचे / त्याच्या / त्याचीtyāche / tyāchyā / tyāchīत्यांचाtyānchā//त्यांचीtyānchī//त्यांचेtyāncheत्यांचा / त्यांची / त्यांचेtyānchā / tyānchī / tyāncheत्यांचेtyānche//त्यांच्याtyānchyā//त्यांचीtyānchīत्यांचे / त्यांच्या / त्यांचीtyānche / tyānchyā / tyānchīतिचाtichā//तिचीtichī//तिचेticheतिचा / तिची / तिचेtichā / tichī / ticheतिचेtiche//तिच्याtichyā//तिचीtichīतिचे / तिच्या / तिचीtiche / tichyā / tichīत्याचाtyāchā//त्याचीtyāchī//त्याचेtyācheत्याचा / त्याची / त्याचेtyāchā / tyāchī / tyācheत्याचेtyāche//त्याच्याtyāchyā//त्याचीtyāchīत्याचे / त्याच्या / त्याचीtyāche / tyāchyā / tyāchīThe adjectives हा (hā, this) and तो (to, that) serve as demonstrative adjectives and are always declined for the gender and number of the noun(s) that follows them.
[14] (āpaṇ) आपण “we” (inclusive) (āpaṇ) आपण “you” (extremely formal) (tī) ती “she” (te) ते “it” (tyā) त्या “they” (feminine) (tī) ती “they” (neuter) Verb stems can end in a vowel (ākārānt, īkārānt, or ekārānt) or a consonant (akārānt) and are declined for person, gender and number.
They are usually listed in dictionaries in their infinitive forms, which consist of the verb stem with the suffix – ṇe (णे); for example खाणे (khāṇē, to eat), बोलणे (bolaṇē, to speak), चालणे (cālaṇē, to walk).
असतोasto//असतेasteअसतो / असतेasto / asteअसतोastoअसतोastoअसायचोasāyco//असायचेasāyceअसायचो / असायचेasāyco / asāyceअसायचोasāycoअसायचोasāycoअसतोसastos//असतेसastesअसतोस / असतेसastos / astesअसताastāअसताastāअसायचासasāycās//असायचीसasāycisअसायचास / असायचीसasāycās / asāycisअसायचातasāycā(t)असायचातasāycā(t)असतोasto//असतेaste//असतंastaअसतो / असते / असतंasto / aste / astaअसतातastātअसतातastātअसायचाasāycā//असायचीasāyci//असायचंasāycaअसायचा / असायची / असायचंasāycā / asāyci / asāycaअसायचेasāyce//असायच्याasāycyā//असायचीasāyciअसायचे / असायच्या / असायचीasāyce / asāycyā / asāyciCausatives are created from existing verb stems and typically follow the set of patterns listed below.