Maria Orbeli (Russian: Мария Орбели) (1916 — 1949) was a Soviet physicist of Armenian origin.
She was the daughter of well-known Soviet physiologist and academician Leon Orbeli.
She belonged to renowned Armenian clan of scientists, whose ancestors were known from twelve centuries.
In 1938, Orbeli graduated from Leningrad University and began to work at Voeikov Observatory.
[1] Orbeli studied nuclear physics and the division of uranium under the influence of neutrons.