In 1834 he became a physician of Parisian hospitals (médecin des hôpitaux), and in 1840 succeeded Laurent-Théodore Biett (1781–1840) at the Hôpital Saint-Louis, where he practiced medicine until his retirement.
[2] In 1854 he published an important textbook on skin diseases titled Traité pratique des maladies de la peau.
When he retired, Devergie donated his collection of dermatological watercolors to the Parisian hospital administration.
[3] Devergie was one of the founders of forensic medicine in France, and was co-publisher of the journal Annales d’hygiène publique et de médecine légale with Mathieu Orfila (1787–1853), Gabriel Andral (1797–1876), Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (1772–1840) and François Leuret (1797–1851).
In 1836 he published a two-volume book on judicial medicine called Medecine legale, theorique et pratique.