Thereafter, he briefly held the position of Mohamed Kamal Professor of Public Policy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (2002–05) and serving as director of the Center for International Development (2004–05).
In terms of professional service, Rosenzweig served in different roles in the American Economic Association, including on its executive committee.
Much of Rosenzweig's research exploits natural experiments such as twin studies; nonetheless, Rosenzweig has criticized the literature of natural experiments for often not making explicit the set of behavioral, market and technological assumptions necessary to justify the studies' interpretations of estimates, resulting in findings that are sometimes highly sensitive to relaxing some of these assumptions.
[14] In a similar vein, Rosenzweig and Wolpin demonstrate how twins can be used to test the hypothesis of a tradeoff between fertility and the "quality" of a household's offspring.
[16] In another study with Schultz, Rosenzweig documents how households' demand for medical care, smoking or fertility are determined by individual heterogeneity, and thereby ultimately significantly affect fetal growth and birth weight.
[17] By contrast, Rosenzweig, Mark Pitt and Mohammed Hassan investigate the impact of the inequality in the distribution of food within Bangladeshi households on household members' productivity and health; they find that both the higher level and greater variance in male calorie consumption can partly be explained by men's engagement in activities wherein productivity depends more on health status than this is generally the case for women.
However, Rosenzweig and Behrman also find that differences in birthweights don't play a large role in determining the world distribution of income.
[20] A non-social mechanism to smooth consumption in rural India that Rosenzweig and Wolpin find are bullocks, which present the advantage of also being usable as (durable) production assets but for which there is no permanently liquid market.
[25] Finally, in a study with Junsen Zhang, Rosenzweig uses twins to investigate whether China's one-child policy increased parents' investments into human capital.
[27] In another study, Rosenzweig and Binswanger describe how agricultural output is developed in a "complex interactive process" between farmers, government and financial intermediaries.