Martin Julian Buerger (April 8, 1903 – February 26, 1986) was an American crystallographer.
He invented the X-ray precession camera for studies in crystallography.
He was awarded the Arthur L. Day Medal by the Geological Society of America in 1951.
Buerger was a member of the Provisional International Crystallographic Committee chaired by P. P. Ewald from 1946 to 1948, and he continued as a member of the IUCr Executive Committee from 1948 to 1951.
In 1956, Buerger was the third person (after John C. Slater and Francis O. Schmitt) to have been appointed Institute Professor at MIT.