She was the fifth and youngest daughter of Babur's paternal uncle, Sultan Ahmed Mirza, the King of Samarkand and Bukhara.
She had four elder half-sisters, among whom one, Aisha Begum, was a former wife of her husband Babur, and two more became her sisters-in-law.
[1] Her father was the eldest son and successor of Abu Sa'id Mirza, the Emperor of the Timurid Empire.
Masuma's paternal uncles included Umar Sheikh Mirza, the ruler of Ferghana Valley, who later became her father-in-law as well while her first cousins included her future husband, Babur, and his elder sister, Khanzada Begum.
One day when Babur was visiting an elder relative on his expedition to Khosran, Masuma came there with her mother.