[1][2][3] It was patented in 2020 by Novavax[4] and is composed of nanoparticles from saponins extracted from Quillaja saponaria (soapbark) trees, cholesterol, and phospholipids.
[5][6][7] It is an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM), which are nanospheres formed when saponin is mixed with two types of fats.
[8] Adjuvants increase the body's immune response to a vaccine by creating higher levels of antibodies.
[12][2][3] Novavax is also testing a combined flu and COVID-19 vaccine candidate with Matrix-M.[13]
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