2002),[1] was a series of lawsuits between Mattel and MCA Records that resulted from the 1997 hit single "Barbie Girl" by Danish-Norwegian group Aqua.

On appeal, the Ninth Circuit ruled the song was protected as a parody under the trademark doctrine of nominative use and the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, in an opinion penned by Judge Alex Kozinski; in reaching that result the court adopted the Rogers test set out by the Second Circuit in Rogers v. Grimaldi for use of trademarks in expressive works.

[10] The controversy was used as an example by journalist Naomi Klein in her book No Logo, where she stated that the monopolies created by copyrights and trademarks are unfairly and differently enforced, based on the legal budgets of the conflicting parties.

In 2009, as part of a marketing strategy to revive sales, Mattel released a promotional video featuring a version of "Barbie Girl" with modified lyrics.

[13] In a 2023 interview with Rolling Stone, the band recalled how the controversy only served to provide free publicity to both sides of the case despite Mattel's attempts to suppress the song on the grounds of trademark infringement.