Other tests may include:[citation needed] According to Frisch & Simonsen (2016), "the foreskin is protective against urinary stricture disease" (meatal stenosis).
[1] Frisch & Simonsen (2016) call for a "thorough reassessment of the burden of urethral troubles and other adverse outcomes after non-therapeutic circumcision of boys.
[4] In females, meatal stenosis can usually be treated in the physician's office using local anesthesia to numb the area and dilating (widening) the urethral opening with special instruments.
[citation needed] In males, it is treated by a second surgical procedure called meatotomy in which the meatus is crushed with a straight mosquito hemostat and then divided with fine-tipped scissors.
[5] Numerous studies over a long period of time clearly indicate that male circumcision contributes to the development of urethral stricture.