In the last century, the populations of Pacific Hawaiian damselflies have decreased due to invasive species, habitat loss, climate change, stream alteration, and urban development.

Adult males and females are both darker in color but can be distinguished by markings on their thorax and abdominal segments.

Once out of the water, they will undergo a molting process to reach full sexual maturity as a winged adult.

Breeding areas include marshes, small seepage pools, and large ponds that are surrounded by vegetation.

There is no current knowledge on the population trends, abundance, timing of reproduction, offspring quality and quantity, sex ratio, mortality, dormancy, and dispersal for the Pacific Hawaiian damselfly.

Surveys show that there are large distances between populations of this species which can cause interbreeding in a small geographic area.

They will guard specific areas in Kalo (Colocasia esculenta) field pools where females lay eggs.

[3] The Pacific Hawaiian damselfly species have also managed to adapt to various ecological conditions, including areas with differing temperatures.

This is due to their inability to travel long distances to avoid challenging ecological conditions.

Despite significant changes in ecological conditions in different breeding niches, Pacific Hawaiian damselflies have managed to succeed.

Studies have shown that the Pacific Hawaiian damselfly has high reproductive success in various niches.

It is rare that Pacific Hawaiian damselflies live on the main channels, as they prefer quieter, still water.

Pacific Hawaiian damselflies prefer pool with dense vegetation for protection from predators.

On a seasonal basis, reproductive success, avoidance of predators, and environmental conditions can change for these damselflies.

In response, Pacific Hawaiian damselflies will then move back away from the main channel to avoid the high-impact flooding that occurs during this part of the season.

There is minimal information on historical population trends and demographic features of the Pacific Hawaiian damselfly.

Pacific Hawaiian damselflies inhabit contained ponds off of the main channel that are inaccessible to nonnative fish.

There are cases where Pacific Hawaiian damselflies are found at elevations as high as 1,220 meters (4,000 feet).

Existing adult populations remain rooted close to these specific breeding areas along streams.

It is incredibly invasive and could begin to disrupt Pacific Hawaiian damselfly populations as well through predation.

Some species of threatening ants on the Hawaiian Islands can live up to 610 meters (2,000 ft) in elevation.

[4] Invasive aquatic insects, such as backswimmers (Notonectidae maculata), also threaten Pacific Hawaiian damselflies.

The lack of governmental enforcement serves as another threat to populations of Pacific Hawaiian damselfly.

[4] Climate change, stream alteration, urban development, and stochastic events also disrupt the Pacific Hawaiian damselfly populations.

This would include protections in place to prevent environmental disturbances that could decrease damselfly populations.

The major threats to the Pacific Hawaiian damselfly populations need to be stabilized or removed for the species to be down-listed.

Significant increases in the abundance of the species across all islands (Kaua’i, O’ahu, Moloka’i, Lana’i, Maui, and Hawai’i) must occur over 10 years.

If these criteria are met, the Pacific Hawaiian damselfly can be delisted from the Endangered Species List.

Fish and Wildlife Services suggests focusing on nonnative predator management, documentation, surveying, studying, and extermination.

Fish and Wildlife Services also suggests studying the habitat requirements of the Pacific Hawaiian Damselfly.