At the beginning of the 21st century, molecular studies (mitochondrial DNA) have determined that the Melitaea athalia populations from southwestern Europe (mostly comprising subspecies M. a. celadussa, but also M. a. nevadensis) likely constitute a separate species from the nominal M. athalia that is widespread throughout the Palaearctic region.

These butterflies are distinct genetically and morphologically in the structure of the genitalia.

In France and Italy, the ranges of these two species are separated by a broad transition zone where the specimens have intermediate morphological features.

These butterflies are golden yellow or orange, with fine black markings.

Caterpillars feed on Plantago, Antirrhinum, Veronica, Linaria, Melampyrum, Digitalis and Pedicularis species.