Mesopithecus ("middle monkey" for being between Hylobates and Semnopithecus in build) is an extinct genus of Old World monkey belonging to the subfamily Colobinae that lived in Europe and Asia during the Late Miocene and Pliocene epochs, around 8.2-2.6 million years ago.

[1][2][3] Fossils span from Great Britain and the Iberian Peninsula in the west, eastwards to the Indian Subcontinent and China.

[4] Analysis of its anatomy suggests that members of the genus were semiterrestrial, spending a considerable amount of the time on the ground,[5][6] though some authors have argued that some species were likely arboreal.

[2] Dental microwear analysis suggests that it fed on hard seeds as well as probably leaves.

[8][9] The relationship of Mesopithecus to living members of Colobinae is uncertain, some have interpreted it as an early offshoot outside the split between Asian and African colobines, while others have interpreted it as a close relative of the Asian doucs (Pygathrix).