Microbotryum silenes-dioicae is a species of fungus first isolated from Brittany, France.

The fungus is the cause of anther-smut disease, which results in fungal spores replacing the pollen in the anthers.

The spores are mainly globose, subglobose or ellipsoidal, measuring 6.5–10.5 by 5.5–9.0 μm and being pale coloured.

[1] In 1869, the English suffragette Lydia Becker presented to the British Association for the Advancement of Science her theory that the fungus causes female flowers of its host to become hermaphroditic, informing her later work in gender studies.

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