Middletown is a city in Montgomery County, Missouri, United States.

[5] Middletown was laid out in 1834, and so named on account of its location midway in an agricultural district.

[7] Missouri Route 161 passes through the south side of the city as Johnson Street, leading south-southwest 14 miles (23 km) to Montgomery City, the county seat, and northeast 21 miles (34 km) to Bowling Green.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Middletown has a total area of 0.32 square miles (0.83 km2), all land.

[1] Coon Creek, an east-flowing tributary of the West Fork of the Cuivre River, crosses the southwest corner of the city.

About 29.2% of families and 35.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 64.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 13.5% of those 65 or over.