A part of Middletown Public Schools, it serves approximately 730 students from 9th through 12th grade and was established in 1961.

Sergeant Michael F Paranzino, class of 2006, was killed on 5 November 2010 by an improvised explosive device in Afghanistan.

Students began protesting and shouting profanities; the dance was abruptly ended by the Middletown superintendent, Rosemarie Kraeger.

Despite lacking official prerequisites, students are often heavily discouraged from taking classes in an order that deviates from the standard.

In 2014, Middletown High School was recognized nationally for its academic achievements.