Like other languages in the area, it contains a large number of grammatical cases and shows ergative alignment.
Mingrelian is mostly agglutinative in terms of morphological inflection, although it has no grammatical gender or noun classes, unlike neighbouring Caucasian languages from the Nakh-Dagestanian family.
Unlike neighboring Nakh-Dagestanian languages, Mingrelian verbs show no case markings.
Grammatical case endings are the same for nouns and adjectives, both in the singular and the plural, unlike many Indo-European languages such as Latin or Polish.
Example of the declension of noun stem კოჩ- (ǩoç- “man”) in singular and plural forms.
Mingrelian has traces of a noun classification system that distinguishes animacy semantically along the lines of human-like or un-human-like.
The Mingrelian verb has the categories of person, number, version, tense, mood, aspect, voice, and verbal focus.
Mingrelian kinship terms denote a large number of members of one's extended family as well as in-laws.
Most of the Mingrelian cardinal numbers are inherited from Proto-Kartvelian language, except arti (one) and eçi (twenty), which are considered as a Karto-Zan heritage, since there are no regular equivalents in Svan.