The mission of the ministry is to "develop and promote a competitive and export-driven private sector through the acceleration of industrial development", with the ultimate objective being the growth of the Ugandan economy.

[1] The ministry is headed by Minister Francis Mwebesa, who was appointed by the president.

[2][3] The headquarters of MTIC are located in Farmers House, at Plot 6-8 Parliamentary Avenue, on Nakasero Hill, in the Central Division of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city.

These four are appointed by the president of Uganda:[3] The ministry is organised into seven administrative departments and seven operational units.

[6] The administrative departments are: The operational units are: MTIC collaborates with and overseas the operations of the following semi-autonomous institutions:[6]