[5] In January 2023, Andreeva reached the final of the girls' singles at the Australian Open, eventually losing to doubles partner Alina Korneeva, in three sets.

With this victory, she became the third youngest player to win a main-draw match at a WTA 1000 tournament, behind only Coco Gauff and CiCi Bellis.

Andreeva made her Grand Slam tournament debut at the French Open, qualifying for the main draw and then defeating Alison Riske-Amritraj in the first round to record her first major win.

[15] She had reached the third round, defeating Wang Xiyu and tenth seed Barbora Krejčíková by retirement for the biggest win of her career.

Next, she defeated 22nd seed and fellow Russian, Anastasia Potapova, to play in the fourth round, becoming the youngest player since Coco Gauff in 2019 to reach this milestone at the All England Club.

[19] At age 16 and 263 days, Andreeva was the youngest player in the Open Era to hand a top-10 seed a first-set bagel at a major tournament.

[22] In the third round of the Australian Open, Andreeva defeated Diane Parry, after trailing 1–5 in the final set and saving a match point on her own serve at 2–5.

[28] In July at the Iași Open, she won her maiden career title by defeating Elina Avanesyan in the final when her opponent retired injured during the third set.

[29] At the Paris Olympics, Andreeva partnered with Diana Shnaider to win silver in the women's doubles, losing in the final to Sara Errani and Jasmine Paolini.

[32] Partnering Diana Shnaider, Andreeva won her first WTA Tour doubles title at the Brisbane International defeating Priscilla Hon and Anna Kalinskaya in the final.

1 and eventual champion, Aryna Sabalenka,[34] after overcoming Anna Blinkova,[35] Linda Nosková[36] and Ons Jabeur[37] en route to the last four.

In a repeat of their match at Brisbane two weeks earlier, she lost to top seed and defending champion Aryna Sabalenka.