For example, when memorizing the list (dog, envelope, thirteen, yarn, window), one could create a story about a "dog stuck in an envelope, mailed to an unlucky thirteen black cat playing with yarn by the window".
This would form an open doubly linked list which could be traversed at will, backwards or forwards.
The observation that absurd images are easier to remember is known as the Von Restorff effect, although the success of this effect was refuted by several studies (Hock et al. 1978; Einstein 1987), which found that the established connection between the two words is more important than the image's absurdity.
The third is the potential for confusing repeated segments of the list, a common problem when memorizing binary digits.
This limitation can be resolved either through bundling or by using either the peg system or the method of loci.