Modern pentathlon competitions at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held between October 21 and 27, 2023 at the Las Condes Military School.

Each nation could enter a maximum of 6 athletes (three per gender), except for the winners of the individual events at the 2021 Junior Pan American Games.

The host nation, Chile, automatically qualified four athletes (two per gender).

Two quotas (one per gender) were distributed via the 2021 Junior Pan American Games.

The remaining quotas were awarded during the 2022 Pan American Championships, with up to three athletes per gender per country.