Mogliano rises on a hill at 313 m. on the sea level and halfway between the Sibillini mountains and the Adriatic coast.

The current territory of Mogliano was inhabited in 7th and 6th centuries BC by the Piceni, as testified by the discovery of a sandstone stele with an inscription kept in the National Museum in Ancona.

These people lived in villages scattered along the line of local hills; their civilization was later absorbed by the Romans, when they submitted the Piceno in the first decades of the 3rd century BC.

Since the end of the 12th century to the mid-14th century, the castle was dominated by the da Mogliano family; in 1345 Gentile da Mogliano became lord of Fermo and ruled the city until 1355, when he was defeated by Cardinal Albornoz.

After Italy was conquered by the French during the French Revolutionary Wars, Mogliano was included in the Department of Tronto; in 1815, with the restoration of the Papal rule, it was returned under the Delegation of Fermo, and finally, in 1828, it joined the Delegation of Macerata.