Mohammad-Ali Mirza Dowlatshah (Persian: محمدعلی‌میرزا دولتشاه; 5 January 1789, in Nava – 22 November 1821, in Taq-e Gara[1][2][3]) was a famous Iranian Prince of the Qajar dynasty.

He was the first son of Fath-Ali Shah, the second Qajar king of Persia, and Ziba-Chehr Khanum, a Georgian girl of the Tsikarashvili (also spelled Tzicara Chwili) family.

His descendants live in various countries around the world and carry the surname: in Persian: دولتشاهی, romanized: Doulatšâhi, which is rendered as Dowlatshahi in English, Doulatchahi in French and Doulatszahi in Polish, etc.

Instead, it was planned that the succession would pass to his seven-month younger brother Abbas Mirza, due to his mother belonging to the Davanlu clan of the Qajars.

[4] This choice has been made by Fath-Ali Shah's uncle Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar (r. 1789–1797), who wanted to unite the Qovanlu and Davanlu.

Abbas Mirza was frail, bashful and humble in comparison to Dowlatshah's robust body, brave and fearless personality, and impolite and brash manners.

He eventually discovered that his efforts with Dowlatshah were futile after observing his agitated, hostile, and daring personality through a series of tests.

[4] Fath-Ali Shah appointed Dowlatshah to rule and protect the boundaries of the two Iraqs (a name given to western states of Iran) and also adjoined Khuzestan province to his territories.

In order to prevent a probable aggression of the Zangeneh tribe and due to its proximity with the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid ruler paid great attention to this city.

This invasion force was driven back across the border, but Dowlatshah's newly modernized army of 30,000 troops defeated 50,000 Ottoman Turks in the Battle of Erzurum near Lake Van in 1821.

On his way back to Kermanshah after besieging Baghdad, Mohammad Ali Mirza Dowlatshah was infected with what is presumed to have been cholera in Taq-e Gara and died there.