Mohammad Ali Tarbiat (Persian: محمدعلی تربیت; born May 26, 1877 — died January 17, 1940) was an Iranian revolutionary, politician and reformist.

Tarbiat was a writer active in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and a member of the National Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Tabriz (1931-1940).

He completed his education in French and English from Mirza Nasrollah Khan Seif al-Atibba, and he finished his medical training under Mohammad Kermanshahi Kofri.

[2] He taught natural sciences for two years at Dar el Fonoun in the higher education establishment (university) in Tabriz.

At the end of World War I, he returned to Istanbul and married Hadjar, daughter of a Persian embassy employee, from which he had two sons (Firouz and Behrouz).

In the beginning years of the 1900s, together with Hassan Taghizadeh, he formed a militant group with young intellectuals aimed to modernize and westernize the country.

They founded the Tarbiat school and its library, with the aim of promoting science and foreign languages (French, English and Russian), as well as a newspaper and a printing project.