Moldova competed in the Summer Olympic Games as an independent nation for the first time at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States.

Previously, Moldovan athletes competed for the Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

In Moldova's debut independent archery competition, veteran and defending bronze medallist Natalia Valeeva was defeated in the third round of competition.

Women's Individual Competition: Men's 400m Hurdles Men's Marathon Men's 20 km Walk Men's 50 km Walk Women's High Jump Men's Flyweight (51 kg) Men's Lightweight (60 kg) Men's Individual Time Trial Men's 50m Freestyle Men's 100m Butterfly Men's 200m Backstroke Men's 100m Breaststroke Men's 200m Breaststroke Men's 200m Individual Medley Men's 400m Individual Medley Men's Light-Heavyweight