Monoamniotic twins occur when the split takes place after the ninth day after fertilization.
At ultrasound at a gestational age of 16–20 weeks, the "lambda sign" is indicative of dichorionicity but its absence does not exclude it.
This can cause disproportionate blood supply, resulting in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in 20%[1] of MoDi pregnancies.
The 80% of MoDi pregnancies without TTTS still have high rates of birth weight discordance, fetal growth restriction, prematurity and resultant cesarean section deliveries.
[2] In the case of monoamniotic twins the risk of complications is substantially higher because of additional potential umbilical cord entanglement and compression.