With a historically agriculture- and silviculture-based economy, it has diversified to include growth from the medical sector and the University of Arkansas at Monticello.

Two trials were held in that courthouse in March and September 1859 to consider whether the slave Abby Guy ought to be freed.

Top lawyers worked on her case, and she married another white man who assisted her.

The case was appealed to the state supreme court, which ruled in Guy's favor.

[5][page needed][6] During the American Civil War, several small skirmishes were fought around Monticello.

[8] Many of Monticello's business and political elites were officers in the Klan chapter or charter members.

[4] Monticello lies in the humid subtropical climate zone (Köppen Cfa).

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 8,442 people, 3,703 households, and 2,104 families residing in the city.

The mayor, city attorney, and municipal judge are elected to four-year terms.

The Drew Central School District primarily serves the outlying areas of Monticello.