[2] The three constituents of geographic structure that contribute to this particular type of coevolution are: natural selection in the form of a geographic mosaic, hot spots often surrounded by cold spots, and trait remixing by means of genetic drift and gene flow.
[2] Mosaic, along with general coevolution, most commonly occurs at the population level and is driven by both the biotic and the abiotic environment.
[3] Antagonistic interactions (e.g. host-parasite and predator-prey relationships) can often result in coevolutionary trait escalation (i.e. arms races).
The areas of Hanyama and Yahazu, Japan are just under nine miles away from each other, but there was an 8 mm difference in pericarp thickness in the camellia populations sampled there.
This shows that the survival of the Japanese camellia seeds in the south is dependent upon the thick pericarp as a form of protection.
This suggests that the plants in the north were more susceptible to weevil attacks and the two traits are not as strongly correlated as they were in southern areas.