In the era of Ankorian king Jayavarman VII, inscription called Prasat Phra Khan (จารึกปราสาทพระขรรค์) was made and which mentions the name of Suvarnapura.

According to Chinese Annals called "Da Ming Shi Lu" (『大明実録』), Nakharinthathirat (Intharatcha or Nakhon In), before ascending the throne of Ayutthaya, was a ruler of Suphan Buri and tribute to Chinese Emperor as a King of Supan Buri (Su Men Bang Wang or 蘇門邦王).

[2] Later in the 16th century, Suphan Buri become battle field of King Naresuan and Burmese crown prince.

In 1939 the district name was changed to Mueang Suphan Buri to correspond with the province name.

Mueang Suphan Buri is divided into 20 subdistricts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 124 administrative villages (mubans).