[2][3] Shah was enrolled as an Advocate on 19 July 1982 and practiced in the Gujarat High Court and Central Administrative Tribunal in civil, criminal, constitutional, taxation, labour, service and company matters and specialized in land, constitutional, education, excise, custom matters.

He was appointed as chief justice of the Patna High Court on 12 August 2018.

[6][7] In March 2023, Justice Shah ruled that mere membership of banned organisation constitutes an offence under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act.

His comments encouraged petitions on the Love jihad conspiracy theory.

He suspended the acquittal of professor GN Saibaba, reversing the Bombay High Court order.