It displays collections acquired from 1937 onwards by the Societe Nationale d'Exploitation Industrielle des Tabacs et Allumettes (SEITA), the former state-owned manufacturer of French tobacco products including Gitanes and Gauloises.
The museum displays about 400 tobacco-related objects from Europe and elsewhere, selected from a total collection of about 3000 pieces.
Its exhibits explain the plant and its botanical features, early factories, ritual and social uses, and methods of consuming tobacco.
The museum contains a fine collection of wooden, ceramic, and meerschaum pipes, including hookahs and Native American ceremonial pipes, as well as items from the Musée de l'Homme reflecting the origins of tobacco in pre-Columbian America.
Its gallery has displayed temporary art exhibitions by artists including Jean-Michel Basquiat, Otto Dix, Alexej von Jawlensky, Alfred Kubin, and Marianne von Werefkin.